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The Coton de Tulear is a small companion dog with a rich and somewhat mysterious history that traces back to Madagascar, specifically the port town of Tuléar (now Toliara). Believed to have descended from small white dogs, possibly Bichon-type breeds, that were brought by ship—some say by pirates or merchants—in the 16th or 17th century, these dogs either survived shipwrecks or were traded and became established on the island. Over time, they adapted to the local climate and developed their distinctive cotton-like coat. The breed became a favorite among Malagasy royalty and nobles, earning the nickname "Royal Dog of Madagascar." For centuries, they were rare and virtually unknown outside the island until they were introduced to Europe and North America in the 1970s, where their affectionate temperament and charming appearance quickly gained popularity.