English Mastiff (Mastiff)
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Find English Mastiff (Mastiff) BreedersGet to Know English Mastiff (Mastiff)s
- One of the Heaviest Dog Breeds in the World: The English Mastiff holds records for sheer mass, with some individuals weighing over 230 pounds. While not the tallest breed, their bone density and muscle make them unmatched in overall substance.
- Ancient War Dogs: English Mastiffs were used in ancient warfare, including by the Romans, who brought them from Britain to fight in arenas and battles. Their courage and imposing presence made them highly valued as war and guard dogs.
- Gentle Giants by Nature: Despite their formidable size, well-bred English Mastiffs are famously calm and affectionate. They are far more likely to lean on you for comfort than display aggression.
- Slow to Mature: English Mastiffs mature very slowly, often not reaching full physical and mental maturity until 3–4 years of age. This prolonged puppyhood requires patient training and careful management during growth.
- Minimal Barkers, Maximum Presence: They are naturally quiet dogs that rarely bark without reason. Their sheer size and watchful demeanor alone are usually enough to deter intruders.
Breed History
The English Mastiff is one of the oldest known dog breeds, with ancestors dating back over 2,000 years in Britain. Descended from ancient mastiff-type dogs used for guarding, warfare, and big-game hunting, the breed gained prominence during Roman occupation and later throughout medieval England. Over time, selective breeding shifted the English Mastiff away from aggression and toward steadiness, loyalty, and calm guardianship. Today’s English Mastiff retains the breed’s impressive size and courage but is best known as a devoted family companion and gentle protector.
Personality and Behaviour
- Calm & Even-Tempered: English Mastiffs are composed and emotionally steady, preferring quiet environments and predictable routines. They are not hyperactive and tend to conserve energy.
- Deeply Loyal & Family-Oriented: They form strong bonds with their families and are especially gentle with children when properly supervised. Their loyalty often expresses itself through quiet companionship rather than constant attention-seeking.
- Naturally Protective but Discerning: They are instinctive guardians who observe before reacting. When properly socialized, they are trustworthy and non-reactive, reserving action only for genuine threats.
Care
- Exercise: Daily walks and light activity keep them healthy; excessive or high-impact exercise should be avoided, especially during growth.
- Training: Early, calm, and consistent training is essential; manners matter greatly in a dog of this size!
- Exercise: Daily walks and light activity keep them healthy; excessive or high-impact exercise should be avoided, especially during growth.
English Mastiff (Mastiff) Summary
What to ask your breeder?
Here's a short summary of what you should be asking your breeder:
English Mastiff (Mastiff) Health Testing
| Screening | Considerations |
|---|---|
| Hip Dysplasia | OFA Radiographic Hip Evaluation |
| Elbow Dysplasia | OFA Radiographic Elbow Evaluation |
| ACVO Eye Exam | Eye Examination once 24 months old. Results registered with OFA |
| Cardiac Evaluation | One of the following: Advanced Cardiac Exam Basic Cardiac Exam (recommend exam by Cardiologist) |
| Autoimmune Thyroiditis | (Optional) Autoimmune Thyroditis Evaluation from an approved Lab. Results registered with OFA. |
| Cystinuria | (Optional) - Urine Nitroprusside Test (Intact males only) available from UPenn. Recommend to start testing at the age of 18 months and test annually. (Results can not be posted to OFA) - Cystinuria-Associated Marker (Type 3) DNA from an approved laboratory (UPenn recommended); Results registered with OFA. |
| Patellar Luxation | (Optional) Veterinary Evaluation of Patellar Luxation. Results registered with OFA. |
| Canine Multifocal Retinopathy | (Optional) DNA-based CMR test from an approved lab; Results submitted to OFA |
| Degenerative Myelopathy | (Optional) DNA-based DM test from an approved laboratory; Results registered with OFA. |
| D-PRA (Dominant Progressive Retinal Atrophy) | (Optional) DNA-based D-PRA test from an approved laboratory; Results registered with OFA |
How Much Does It Cost to Own an English Mastiff (Mastiff) Per Year?
Determining the cost of owning an English Mastiff (Mastiff) is essential for responsible dog ownership. Use our calculator to estimate expenses, including food, grooming, veterinary care, and more.
The Ultimate Dog Cost Calculator
Calculate NowFrequently Asked Questions About English Mastiff (Mastiff)
When you talk to a breeder, you're not just asking “do you have available English Mastiff (Mastiff) puppies?” You're looking for a match in the process of rehoming a dog. As a prospective dog owner, you are assessing how predictable the dog's health, temperament, and long-term welfare will be and whether the breeder's practices reduce avoidable risk.
You should engage in a conversation about the following topics:
- Which health tests and genetic screening do you do specifically for English Mastiff (Mastiff), and can I see the results?
- What do you do if a puppy develops a serious genetic condition? What contract, policies and support do you offer as a breeder?
- How are puppies raised from birth to 8+ weeks? Ask about socialization, philosophies on early neurological development, handling, and exposure.
The real cost of a dog isn't just the puppy price. After year one, the cost of a dog includes the predictable annual costs + the unpredictable “risk costs.” Your goal is to make the cost legible before you commit, as one of the top causes of surrendering a dog is not being able to afford the dog in later years.
To help you assess these costs, Paction has created the Ultimate Cost Calculator. You can also read an article written by a Paction breeder on why a prospective dog owner should focus on the ongoing costs of dog ownership and not “how much” the puppy costs.
Every dog breed has certain health issues that tend to occur more often, but what matters most is how predictable and preventable those risks are. For many breeds, common concerns include inherited conditions (such as orthopedic, eye, or cardiac issues) as well as lifestyle-related challenges like weight management, dental health, skin or ear problems, and anxiety.
Responsible breeders help reduce inherited risk through appropriate health testing, careful selection of breeding pairs, and transparency about family history. To understand more about responsible breeding programs that prioritize health and genetic screening of breeding pairs, check out Making Science Simple: Canine Genetics for Puppy Shoppers.
As an owner, you play an equally important role. Consistent preventive veterinary care, proper exercise and enrichment, healthy nutrition, and early screening can significantly improve long-term health outcomes.
Whether an English Mastiff (Mastiff) is right for you depends less on the breed itself and more on how well its typical energy level, temperament, and care needs align with your daily life. Important factors include your schedule and activity level, living environment, household dynamics (such as children, other pets, or allergies), and tolerance for noise or independence. Long-term fit also comes down to maintenance like grooming, training needs, and how often you travel or rely on outside dog care.
Use Paction's Dog Breed Matchmaker and Pup Time Estimator to find out more about what dog is right for you.


